program that "observes" ("explores", "navigates") WorldWide Web; its main function is to load and show web-pages; usually works with HTTP protocol; examples of browsers: MSIE, Mozilla, Opera, Netscape;
character sequence (site "name") that uniquely identifies machine in domain name system; domain is NOT the same as URL (URL is an "address" of document or other resource and can contain domain as its part, but can contain IP address instead); so, if we have an URL http://www.someplace.com/cgi-bin/somescript.cgi, then here www.someplace.com is a domain;
when IP-address is a number (as in address http://127.0.0.15/index.htm), the domain name is a symbolic (character) identifier;
(Domain Name System) — a hierarchic tree of domain names; domain name servers are regularly exchanging their data so that domain name from URL entered in browser (or in FTP-client, or from some email-address and so on) is to be correctly translated into IP address of the machine where browser (FTP-client, mailer etc) sends request;
(or Windows Sockets) — OS Windows component that establishes connection and supports data exchange between remote machines in internet and other networks; Internet applications running under OS Windows (e.g., browsers, mIRC, ICQ, FTP-clients, messengers/internet-pagers etc), use WinSock for creating and managing connections;
(HyperText Transfer Protocol) — Internet protocol for transfering hypertext documnets, i.e. documents linked one to other by hypertext links; the main WorldWide Web (WWW) protocol;
HTTP-transferred resources are at most so-called "pages" (like you are reading now) containing formatted text, graphics, animations, sounds, video etc;
HTTP protocol specification is THERE (size: 412 Kb);
(File Transfer Protocol) — Internet protocol for downloading/uploading files from/to server; if You see an address with ftp:// prefix, You know that it points to file on FTP-server;
in difference from HTTP, FTP isn`t designed for automatic running of downloaded files, so it`s much more secure than HTTP; however not all sites support this protocol (e.g. my site doesn`t allow You downloading anything with FTP);
not only FTP and HTTP protocols present for file exchanging on the Net, there are others e.g. NFS but those are rarely used.